Resistance and Stress Analysis of 3D Plate and Locking Plate Fixation in Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy: A Comparative Finite Element Study.

Aim: This study evaluates the biomechanical properties of 3D plates and compares it with locking plates, in both set back and advancement models of bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) using finite element model analysis. Design: A stereolithography model of mandibular structure was imported to hypermesh to create 3D solid finite model. A BSSO was simulated on hemimandibular model and advancement and setback simulations were carried out for a distance of 4, 6, and 8 mm each. 3D plates for the right side and locking plates for the left side were simulated for fixation. Meshing of the model was carried out. After meshing, the model was imported to Ansys V18.1 for analysis of it. Forces simulating the masticatory muscles were applied on both sides. The values for stress and resistance in the screws and plates were measured and the lowest and highest deformation regions were estimated using von Mises analysis. Results: The results suggest that the tension and resistance as measured through were better distributed in 3D plates when compared with that of locking plates; the stress concentration was shown to be higher in the locking plates and deformation resistance was greater in 3D plates. Conclusion: The application of 3D plating system has found its place in the field of maxillofacial trauma. However, its application in the field of orthognathic surgery is yet to be explored and this study encourages us to conduct in vivo studies.

Evaluation of Correlation between Vitamin D Levels and Implant Stability in Indian Population: A Prospective Study in Bangalore.

Purpose: Dental implants have become a definitive method for the esthetic and functional rehabilitation of both partially and completely edentulous arch. There is a significant role of vitamin D in bone metabolism and there are only few human studies that evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on stability of dental implants. The study thus aims to evaluate the correlation of vitamin D deficiency and implant stability in delayed endosseous implant. Methods: The study included 20 subjects of either gender in the age group of 20-50 years, who required implant placement for rehabilitation of partially edentulous condition. Vitamin D status was evaluated for all subjects preoperatively. Implant stability was checked postoperatively at three months and six months using Electronic Technology Resonance Frequency Analysis. Results: The study found that for every 1 ng/ml increase in Vitamin D levels, the implant stability Quotient value (ISQ) significantly increased by 0.48 at 3 months and 0.62 units at 6 months, which was statistically significant at P = 0.01 and P = 0.002, respectively. Statistical analysis was done using Student Paired t test, Pearson Correlation test and Simple Linear regression analysis. Conclusion: Albeit the smaller sample size, the results of the study showed the positive influence of vitamin D on stability of implant. The study thus emphasizes on the significance of screening the vitamin D status of subjects prior to implant placement.

Evaluation of efficacy of peri-operative administration of hydrocortisone and dexamethasone in prevention of post-operative complications in oral and maxillofacial surgeries / Evaluación de la eficacia de la administración peri-operatoria de hidrocortisona y dexametasona para prevenir las complicaciones postoperatorias de la cirugía oral y maxilofacial

Objective: To evaluate the role of intra-operative hydrocortisone and post-operative dexamethasone on reducing post-operative complications following major surgeries involving oral cavity as in oral and maxillofacial surgeries performed under general anesthesia. Methodology: The post-surgical stress induces changes in metabolic and endocrinal pathways and also results in activation of inflammatory pathways. Post-operative administration of steroids helps in blocking all the stages of inflammatory process. This study was conducted on a group of 20 patients undergoing major surgical procedures. These patients were administered a combination of intra-operative hydrocortisone and post-operative dexamethasone therapy. Efficacy of these drugs in reducing post-operative complications was evaluated, using parameters like post-operative pain, number of analgesic injections, edema, sore throat, nausea and vomiting. Results: A 70% mean reduction in pain was seen on 2nd post-operative day and a drastic 97% pain reduction was noted on 4 th post-operative day. An overall 12 mm reduction in swelling was noted over the span of 4 days of hospital stay. Post-operative administration of dexamethasone helped in reduction of sore throat up to 95% on 2nd post-operative day. A remarkable finding noted was, that, none of the patients developed nausea and vomiting post-operatively. Conclusion: Surgeries done in and around the oral cavity are mostly prone to contamination as presence of saliva, bacteria, contaminants from stomach flora through acid reflux and post-operative events like vomiting, pollute the surgical site. A single intra-operative dose of hydrocortisone followed by post-operative tapered administration of dexamethasone helps in combating almost all of the post-operative complications after major oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures and hence hastens healing of surgical site

Objetivo: Evaluar el papel de la administración intraoperatoria de hidrocortisona, y postoperatoria de dexametasona, para reducir las complicaciones postoperatorias tras las cirugías mayores de la cavidad oral y la cirugía oral y maxilofacial realizadas bajo anestesia general. Metodología: El estrés postquirúrgico induce cambios en las vías metabólica y endocrina, y origina también la activación de las vías inflamatorias. La administración postoperatoria de esteroides ayuda a bloquear todas las etapas del proceso inflamatorio. Este estudio se realizó en un grupo de 20 pacientes sometidos a intervenciones quirúrgicas mayores. A dichos pacientes se les administró una combinación de hidrocortisona intra-operatoria y dexametasona postoperatoria. Se evaluó la eficacia de dichos fármacos para reducir las complicaciones postoperatorias, utilizando parámetros tales como dolor postoperatorio, número de inyecciones analgésicas, edema, dolor de garganta, náuseas y vómitos. Resultados: Se observó un 70% de reducción media del dolor al segundo día postoperatorio y un 97% de reducción drástica del dolor al cuarto día postoperatorio. Se observó una reducción general de 12 mm del edema durante el transcurso de la estancia hospitalaria de 4 días. La administración postoperatoria de dexametasona ayudó a reducir el dolor de garganta en un 95% durante el segundo día postoperatorio. Un hallazgo destacable fue que ninguno de los pacientes desarrolló náuseas ni vómitos a nivel postoperatorio. Conclusión: Las cirugías practicadas en y alrededor de la cavidad oral son más propensas a la contaminación, ya que la presencia de saliva, bacterias, contaminantes de la flora estomacal a través del reflujo ácido, y los acontecimientos post-operatorios tales como vómitos, contaminan el sitio quirúrgico. La administración de una única dosis intra-operatoria de hidrocortisona y postoperatoria de dexametasona ajustada ayuda a combatir la mayoría de las complicaciones postoperatorias tras las intervenciones quirúrgicas mayores orales y maxilofaciales y, por tanto, contribuye a la curación del sitio quirúrgico

A little-known relationship between immune recovery syndrome and herpes zoster.

Following anti-retroviral therapy (ART) or highly active antiretroviral therapy, there is an increased response to latent infections such as herpes zoster, which may lead to their reactivation. This is a result of improved immunity brought about by ART, also termed immune recovery syndrome. A 75-year-old male patient arrived at our institute with widespread vesicles and scabs on the right half of his face and oral cavity, suggesting the involvement of the trigeminal nerve. The patient had a history of being on ART two months earlier and a history of tooth extraction eight days prior to his arrival at our institute. The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive cases amongst herpes zoster cases is high, and these patients become susceptible to infections following ART. Therefore, regardless of the presence of risk factors, every herpes zoster patient should be tested for HIV infection, and high anti-retroviral therapy should be commenced/reinstituted as soon as possible. In addition, the treating physician should maintain a high level of vigilance for the patient during the first few months of ART, the peak incidence of immune recovery inflammatory disease.

Infraorbital nerve transpositioning into orbital floor: a modified technique to minimize nerve injury following zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures.

OBJECTIVES: Transpositioning of the inferior alveolar nerve to prevent injury in lower jaw has been advocated for orthognathic, pre-prosthetic and for implant placement procedures. However, the concept of infra-orbital nerve repositioning in cases of mid-face fractures remains unexplored. The infraorbital nerve may be involved in trauma to the zygomatic complex which often results in sensory disturbance of the area innervated by it. Ten patients with infraorbital nerve entrapment were treated in similar way at our maxillofacial surgery centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this article we are reporting three cases of zygomatico-maxillary complex fracture in which intra-operative repositioning of infra-orbital nerve into the orbital floor was done. This was done to release the nerve from fractured segments and to reduce the postoperative neural complications, to gain better access to fracture site and ease in plate fixation. This procedure also decompresses the nerve which releases it off the soft tissue entrapment caused due to trauma and the organized clot at the fractured site. RESULTS: There was no evidence of sensory disturbance during their three month follow-up in any of the patient. CONCLUSION: Infraorbital nerve transposition is very effective in preventing paresthesia in patients which fracture line involving the infraorbital nerve.

'Potato peel dressing': a novel adjunctive in the management of necrotizing fasciitis.

Management of necrotizing fasciitis, a rare and potentially fatal, polymicrobial disease comprises of aggressive debridement, intravenous antibiotics and application of various adjunctives. So far adjunctives like hyperbaric oxygen therapy, intravenous immunoglobulins, vacuum assisted or foam dressing, and guided tissue regeneration with amniotic dressing have been put to use. Each of these adjunctives has faced criticism for their shortcomings. Potato peel has been used as a dressing for chronic wounds but there is no literature available on its application over wounds afflicted with necrotizing fasciitis. Owing to various medicinal properties of potato peel and its use as a dressing in other medical conditions, same was used as an adjunctive in the present case. Here we present a case of cervical necrotizing fasciitis of dentogenous origin, treated by mainstay surgical treatment with debridement, drainage in combination with broad spectrum antibiotics and a novel adjunctive, 'potato peel dressing', which has shown promising results.